Mods are tricky.
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Mods are tricky. The short answer is yes, absolutely*
The long answer is that youll have to read up on how compatibility layers like Wine work before being able to do everything you can do with windows on a Linux OS modding-wise. Long story short you just kinda stick them in the same instance, and it will all work pretty much perfectly. It's more work though. Also in my experience MO2 crashes if run outside of Gaming Mode on my deck.
Nexus mods is, however, making a mod manager that supports Linux right out of the box, so we may not even have to worry about that anymore soon. I think it supports stardew valley already, next is cyberpunk 2077, and Bethesda rpgs are on the list to be added too.
In my experience, I've installed wabbajack mod lists for skyrim and fallout 4 and new vegas if I remember right, and they all work great. The instructions might seem a little janky, but they work. I've also made my own lists and followed manual modpack guides like Below Zero for fallout 4 Frost and it turned out great.